See cathair in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "citizen",
"translation": "citizen",
"word": "cathrar"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "cathair"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "caayr"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "cathair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*katrixs",
"t": "fortification"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hēaþor",
"t": "enclosure, prison"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȍtar",
"t": "administrative unit, province"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kat-",
"4": "",
"5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "casa"
},
"expansion": "Latin casa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”), an unusual formation; possibly cognate with Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”) or Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”), and the a-vocalism suggests that all three could have been borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate. Pokorny instead derives it from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with Latin casa as another possible cognate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cathrach",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathracha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathracha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caithir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrachaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrachaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "caithir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "cathraig",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "cathrach",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cathrach",
"3": "cathraig"
},
"expansion": "cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "cathraig",
"3": "cathrach",
"dat_sg2": "caithir",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cathraig+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "cathracha",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cathraig+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-f",
"dat_du": "cathrachaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "cathrachaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cathraig+L",
"dat_sg2": "caithir",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "cathrach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "cathrach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "cathrach",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cathraig+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "cathraig",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "cathair",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cathraig+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "cathracha",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cathair",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stone enclosure, fortress, castle; dwelling"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-cathair-sga-noun-gQMGXD6M",
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 43 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 71 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Buildings",
"orig": "sga:Buildings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Monasticism",
"orig": "sga:Monasticism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monastic settlement, enclosure; monastery, convent"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-cathair-sga-noun-fvkeaqiY",
"links": [
[
"monastic",
"monastic"
],
[
"settlement",
"settlement"
],
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"monastery",
"monastery"
],
[
"convent",
"convent"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 15 79",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Cities",
"orig": "sga:Cities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fortified city, city"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-cathair-sga-noun-O41YjJSA",
"links": [
[
"fortified",
"fortified"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.θəɾʲ/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈka.θɪɾʲ]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈka.θɨɾʲ]"
}
],
"word": "cathair"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine nouns",
"Old Irish k-stem nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from substrate languages",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"gd-noun 2",
"gd:Brassicas",
"gd:Chairs",
"gd:Cities",
"gd:Vegetables",
"sga:Buildings",
"sga:Cities",
"sga:Monasticism"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "citizen",
"translation": "citizen",
"word": "cathrar"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "cathair"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "caayr"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "cathair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*katrixs",
"t": "fortification"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hēaþor",
"t": "enclosure, prison"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȍtar",
"t": "administrative unit, province"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kat-",
"4": "",
"5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "casa"
},
"expansion": "Latin casa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”), an unusual formation; possibly cognate with Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”) or Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”), and the a-vocalism suggests that all three could have been borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate. Pokorny instead derives it from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with Latin casa as another possible cognate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cathrach",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathracha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathracha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caithir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrachaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrachaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "caithir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "cathraig",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "cathrach",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cathrach",
"3": "cathraig"
},
"expansion": "cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "cathraig",
"3": "cathrach",
"dat_sg2": "caithir",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cathraig+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "cathracha",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cathraig+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-f",
"dat_du": "cathrachaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "cathrachaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cathraig+L",
"dat_sg2": "caithir",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "cathrach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "cathrach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "cathrach",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cathraig+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "cathraig",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "cathair",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cathraig+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "cathracha",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cathair",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stone enclosure, fortress, castle; dwelling"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"monastic settlement, enclosure; monastery, convent"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"monastic",
"monastic"
],
[
"settlement",
"settlement"
],
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"monastery",
"monastery"
],
[
"convent",
"convent"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fortified city, city"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"fortified",
"fortified"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈka.θəɾʲ/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈka.θɪɾʲ]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈka.θɨɾʲ]"
}
],
"word": "cathair"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cathair meaning in Old Irish (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, cathair/Old Irish",
"path": [
"cathair"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cathair",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"cathair"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cathair",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.